使用 Docker 建立一個簡易的 Flask API 並部署到 Cloud Run。
前置作業
在 Google Cloud Console 中頁面上選擇或創建一個 Google Cloud 項目。
確保 Cloud 項目已啟用結算功能。
安裝 Google Cloud CLI
選擇對應 OS 的版本下載並用
python3 -V確認版本是Python 3（3.5 到3.9）。執行以下指令安裝，結束後打開新的 Terminal 使更改生效。
./google-cloud-sdk/install.sh如果需要初始化 gcloud CLI，執行以下指令
./google-cloud-sdk/bin/gcloud init初始化專案 將
PROJECT_ID替換為你項目的 ID。gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID
範例實作
Cloud Run 範例專案結構如下：
.
├── Dockerfile
├── LICENSE
├── README.md
├── main.py
└── requirements.txt
Flask API
建立 main.py 檔案，其內容如下：
import os
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route("/")
def hello_world():
name = os.environ.get("NAME", "World")
return "Hello {}!".format(name)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=int(os.environ.get("PORT", 8080)))
Python 套件
建立 requirements.txt 檔案，其內容如下：
Flask==2.1.0
gunicorn==20.1.0
加入範例所需的套件。
Dockerfile
建立 Dockerfile 檔案，其內容如下：
# Use the official lightweight Python image.
# https://hub.docker.com/_/python
FROM python:3.10-slim
# Allow statements and log messages to immediately appear in the Knative logs
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED True
# Copy local code to the container image.
ENV APP_HOME /app
WORKDIR $APP_HOME
COPY . ./
# Install production dependencies.
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
# Run the web service on container startup. Here we use the gunicorn
# webserver, with one worker process and 8 threads.
# For environments with multiple CPU cores, increase the number of workers
# to be equal to the cores available.
# Timeout is set to 0 to disable the timeouts of the workers to allow Cloud Run to handle instance scaling.
CMD exec gunicorn --bind :$PORT --workers 1 --threads 8 --timeout 0 main:app
以 Gunicorn 在 PORT 環境變量上建立 Flask 服務
部署 Cloud Run
將代碼上傳到 Artifact Registry 並部署到 Cloud Run
gcloud run deploy
如果系統提示啟用 API，請輸入
y進行啟用。當系統提示輸入代碼位置時，請按
Enter部署當前資料夾。當系統提示輸入服務名稱時，請按
Enter接受默認名稱gcp-cloud-run-example。如果系統提示您啟用 Artifact Registry API，請按
y。當系統提示輸入區域時：選擇你的區域，例如
us-central1。系統會提示是否允許未通過身份驗證的呼叫：輸入
y。然後等待部署完成。Terminal 會顯示服務網址。
gcloud run deploy
Deploying from source. To deploy a container use [--image]. See https://cloud.google.com/run/docs/deploying-source-code for more details.
Source code location (/Users/nero/Desktop/Github/gcp_cloud_run_example):
Next time, use `gcloud run deploy --source .` to deploy the current directory.
Service name (gcpcloudrunexample): gcp-cloud-run-example
Please specify a region:
[1] asia-east1
[2] asia-east2
[3] asia-northeast1
[4] asia-northeast2
[5] asia-northeast3
[6] asia-south1
[7] asia-south2
[8] asia-southeast1
[9] asia-southeast2
[10] australia-southeast1
[11] australia-southeast2
[12] europe-central2
[13] europe-north1
[14] europe-southwest1
[15] europe-west1
[16] europe-west2
[17] europe-west3
[18] europe-west4
[19] europe-west6
[20] europe-west8
[21] europe-west9
[22] me-west1
[23] northamerica-northeast1
[24] northamerica-northeast2
[25] southamerica-east1
[26] southamerica-west1
[27] us-central1
[28] us-east1
[29] us-east4
[30] us-east5
[31] us-south1
[32] us-west1
[33] us-west2
[34] us-west3
[35] us-west4
[36] cancel
Please enter numeric choice or text value (must exactly match list item):
Please enter a value between 1 and 36, or a value present in the list: us-central1
To make this the default region, run `gcloud config set run/region us-central1`.
API [artifactregistry.googleapis.com] not enabled on project [135458577460]. Would you like to enable and retry (this will take a few minutes)? (y/N)? y
Enabling service [artifactregistry.googleapis.com] on project [135458577460]...
Operation "operations/acat.p2-135458577460-c07540ac-6cc9-4503-9051-d77ccdf562b5" finished successfully.
Deploying from source requires an Artifact Registry Docker repository to store built containers. A repository named [cloud-run-source-deploy] in region
[us-central1] will be created.
Do you want to continue (Y/n)? y
This command is equivalent to running `gcloud builds submit --tag [IMAGE] /Users/nero/Desktop/Github/gcp_cloud_run_example` and `gcloud run deploy gcp-cloud-run-example --image [IMAGE]`
Allow unauthenticated invocations to [gcp-cloud-run-example] (y/N)? y
Building using Dockerfile and deploying container to Cloud Run service [gcp-cloud-run-example] in project [galvanic-veld-316101] region [us-central1]
⠶ Building and deploying new service... Uploading sources.
✓ Creating Container Repository...
✓ Uploading sources...
⠶ Building and deploying new service... Uploading sources.
✓ Building and deploying new service... Done.
. Routing traffic...
. Setting IAM Policy...
✓ Building Container... Logs are available at [https://console.cloud.google.com/cloud-build/builds/74608788-0e2d-45c2-af7e-a116d3042acd?project=135458577460
].
✓ Creating Revision... Waiting for container to become healthy.
✓ Routing traffic...
✓ Setting IAM Policy...
Done.
Service [gcp-cloud-run-example] revision [gcp-cloud-run-example-00001-haw] has been deployed and is serving 100 percent of traffic.
Service URL: https://gcp-cloud-run-example-5tnsyx4dqq-uc.a.run.app
使用 Local Docker Image 部署至 Cloud Run
使用 Docker 在你的主機上 build image
docker build -t gcp-cloud-run-example:latest .
在 local 上建置完成的 docker image 進行測試
docker run --rm -p 8080:8080 gcp-cloud-run-example:latest
使用 Cloud build 建置 docker image 並推到 Artifact Registry
gcloud builds submit --tag asia.gcr.io/{project_id}/gcp-cloud-run-example
將 Image 部署到 Cloud Run
$ gcloud run deploy --image asia.gcr.io/{project_id}/gcp-cloud-run-example \
--platform managed \
--port 8080 \
--memory 1Gi \
--timeout=2m \
注意
雖然 Cloud Run 不會對未在使用中的服務計費，但您可能仍然需要支付將容器映像存儲在 Artifact Registry 中而產生的相關費用。為避免產生費用，您可以刪除容器映像或刪除Cloud 項目。刪除Cloud 項目後，系統即會停止對該項目中使用的所有資源計費。
Project ID 要求：
- 長度必須為 6 到 30 個字符。
- 只能包含小寫字母、數字和連字符(不能底線)。
- 必須以字母開頭。
- 不能以連字符結尾。
- 無法使用或以前使用過，包括已刪除的項目。
- 不能包含受限制的字符串，如 google 和ssl。
Reference
- https://cloud.google.com/sdk/docs/install
- https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-projects
- https://cloud.google.com/run/docs/quickstarts/build-and-deploy/deploy-python-service
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